A influência do pensamento humanista de Karl Marx na pedagogia do oprimido de Paulo Freire

Abstract

This work aims to show the influence of Karl Marx's philosophical humanism in the construction of a critical pedagogy in Paulo Freire, presented in his masterpiece Pedagogy of the Oppressed. To do so, Marx's philosophical humanism will be analyzed in order to understand how his thesis on historical materialism and the action of individuals on reality transforms it into an oppressive reality. Thus, based on Marxian thought, Freire understands that the action of human beings in capitalist society classifies them as oppressors (owners, for Marx) and oppressed (workers, in the Marxian sense). But it is also through praxis that individuals are able to overcome the oppressor-oppressed dichotomy, which labels them according to social functions. Based on these philosophical conceptions, Paulo Freire's pedagogical project will be explained by showing that he aims at the liberation of the oppressed through education. Liberation happens when you have a critical education, which allows educator and student to dialogue and build perspectives of changes in reality that oppress and alienate them. Thus, it is at this point that individuals have the power to rescue their humanity, which was stolen and reified by capitalist society, thus making them authentic beings.