Entre a filosofia e a poética

os sentidos do corpo em Nietzsche e Fernando Pessoa

Abstract

Nietzsche uses poetic elements in his philosophical writings, believing that the body is a fundamental element in the process of affirming life and overcoming existential limits. He sees the body as a powerful instrument that should be cultivated and improved for the pursuit of elevation and full realization. By valuing the free and authentic expression of bodily impulses and instincts as a way to affirm individuality and the vitality of the human being, Nietzsche views the body as a key instrument for the affirmation of life, even more so than reason. This understanding of the body is given through the definitions of self-care and affection, understood as the ability of bodies to influence and be affected by other bodies. It is possible to highlight some alternative and critical conceptions in Nietzsche regarding his understanding of the affective body as a multiplicity of power, and how the philosopher perceives the influence of morality on bodies, since he understands that the body is a primordial source of values, impulses, desires, and instincts that constantly strive to increase their strength, subordinating other affective sets. On the other hand, for Fernando Pessoa, the perspective on the body is more complex and fragmented. In his heteronyms, Pessoa interprets the body as a territory of multiple identities and feelings. Each heteronym has its own relationship with the body, its physical, psychological, and existential particularities; and Pessoa explores this issue through questioning about existence and the search for a true identity. In conclusion, the objective of this communication is to understand the different poetic-philosophical expressions of these thinkers and the conception of effective, sensitive, and transgressive reality as a process of transformation and reevaluation, in which not attributing a purely rational understanding to the body is a break with traditional metaphysics, followed by comparing their similarities and how both offer interesting and provocative views for a new order in poetic-philosophical investigation, especially concerning the approach to the body.

Keywords: Nietzsche. Fernando Pessoa. Poetry. Philosophy. Body.