O fetichismo como pressuposto da crítica da economia política em Karl Marx

Abstract

The central purpose of this text is to explain and problematize the question: what is the thesis of the thesis? Fetishism corresponds to the idea of the mystical inversion of capitalist society. In other words, individuals distort the contradictory socio-historical reality in which the production and reproduction of their lives in bourgeois civil society are generated in an alienated manner. In this way, social organization appears as something magical, mysterious, hiding its essential content, thus having the social function of material and ideological legitimation of the contradictory dynamics of capital, effectively influencing the actions of individuals in their daily lives in society. Although the phenomenon of fetishism appears explicitly thematized in Capital (Marx's mature work), a dialectical approach (and therefore not just a nominalist one) that seeks to grasp the operating determinations of the idea, shows its presence in the whole of the work, and also in the general process of the constitution of capitalist society. However, the dialectical approach to the historical dynamics of reality points to the concrete possibility of overcoming it through the revolutionary praxis of socially organized individuals, in order to establish emancipation or the reign of freedom. Such a human undertaking is not an abstract, illusory utopia, glimpsed from a hypothesis outside current reality. On the contrary, the perspective of the socialist revolution is based on the concrete potentialities that are stifled, blocked in the contradictory immanence of the current society. Only in this emancipated society will individuals be able to experience freedom, equality and concrete justice in their daily lives, which are established in a fetishized, abstract way in bourgeois society. Thus, in communist society, individuals who are free from the social barriers that exist in capitalist society: social classes, the bourgeois state, and the other existing fetishized complexes, will be able to enjoy the full development of the existing effective human attributes.