Eficácia, Adesão e Condicionantes da Profilaxia Pós-Exposição de Risco ao HIV: uma Revisão Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48075/aes.v10i1.35211Palavras-chave:
Infecções por HIV, Adesão à medicação, Profilaxia, Revisão SistemáticaResumo
Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da profilaxia pós-exposição de risco ao HIV, o percentual de adesão e seus condicionantes e os efeitos adversos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática conduzida com base nas diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A pesquisa foi realizada no portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e nas bases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, PubMed e Embase, utilizando as palavras-chave combinadas: post-exposure prophylaxis, anti-HIV agents, medication adherence e medication compliance. O rigor metodológico foi analisado a partir dos instrumentos desenvolvidos pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Resultados: dos 119 estudos elegíveis, 24 foram selecionados. A eficácia da profilaxia pós-exposição foi de quase 100% entre os indivíduos com boa adesão e sem exposições a novas situações de potencial risco ao HIV. Foram reportados efeitos adversos leves e passageiros na maioria dos estudos. Em metade das pesquisas, a adesão foi menor que 60%. Ser homem, mais velho, abstinente de álcool/drogas, com maior escolaridade e com vínculo com a equipe de saúde foram condicionantes para a boa adesão. Conclusão: a profilaxia pós-exposição foi considerada altamente eficaz e tolerável, no entanto, a adesão adequada à profilaxia permanece um desafio de saúde na área de prevenção de HIV/Aids.
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